| UX: Setup | Additional app to install; backup codes to store and potential new account to create. | Natively embedded; no seperate authenticator app. |
| UX: Validation | Open seperate app, copy or type 6-digit code; 2+ screens. | Single screen approval with embedded intent message. |
| UX: Recovery | Requires finding and re-entering complex backup codes; losing device can lock you out. | Seamless one-tap recovery. |
| Security: Validation | TOTP not bound to intent; easily compromisable. | Intent cryptographically bound and embedded into single approval screen. |
| Security: Centralization | Provider can hold centralized recovery and sync; provider breach, policy, or account breach affects access. | Recovery and sync manager lives onchain. |
| Security: Exposure | Backup codes and seeded secrets become critical recovery material. | No backup codes or secrets to store. |
| Security: Phishing | TOTP codes and shared-secret factors can be phished, keylogged, or exfiltrated. | Resistant to advanced malware. |