| UX: Setup | Requires an account with email, password, or phone number. Most passkeys & social logins bind auth to that account. | Passkey-like onboarding with no pre-existing account requirement. |
| UX: Cross-platform | Tied to the provider's domain, ecosystem, or cloud; switching platforms or devices can be painful. | Neutral, cross-platform, and WebAuthn compatible without vendor lock-in. |
| UX: Recovery | Account recovery via provider (Apple / Google / Microsoft). | Recovery fully under your control; no single provider gate. |
| Security: Centralization | Provider holds centralized recovery and sync; provider breach, policy, or account breach affects access. | Recovery and sync manager lives onchain. |
| Security: Phishing | Prone to phishing, malicious connections/approvals, and malware. | Secure even if the wallet or device is fully compromised; no credentials to steal. |